Common characterization methods for nanocellulose

Nanocellulose is a material with unique properties and widespread application potential. There are many common characterization methods, and each method can provide information in different aspects. Here are some common representations:

1. Scanning electron microscope ( SEM ):

Used to observe the surface morphology and structure of nanocellulose , it can provide high-resolution images showing the diameter, length and arrangement of fibers.

2. Transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ):

Used to observe the internal structure and morphology of nanocellulose , it can provide higher resolution images and is suitable for studying nano-level details of fibers.

3. Atomic force microscopy ( AFM ):

Used to measure the surface morphology and roughness of nanocellulose, it can provide three-dimensional images suitable for studying the microstructure and mechanical properties of fibers.

4. X- ray diffraction ( XRD ):

It is used to analyze the crystal structure and crystallinity of nanocellulose. The diffraction pattern allows you to understand the crystal type and changes in the crystallinity of fibers.

5. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR ):

It is used to study the chemical structure and functional groups of nanocellulose. The changes in the chemical bonds and functional groups of fibers can be analyzed through infrared spectrograms.

6. Raman spectroscopy ( Raman ):

It is used to analyze the molecular structure and chemical bond information of nanocellulose, which can provide supplementary chemical composition information.

7. Thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA ):

Used to study the thermal stability and decomposition behavior of nanocellulose, by measuring the curve of the mass of the sample with temperature, the thermal stability and decomposition temperature of the fiber can be understood.

8. Differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ):

It is used to study the thermal properties of nanocellulose, including melting point, glass transition temperature and crystallization behavior.

9. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ( DMA ):

Used to measure the mechanical properties of nanocellulose, especially its storage modulus and loss modulus at different temperatures and frequencies.

10. Specific surface area analysis ( BET ):

It is used to measure the specific surface area and pore structure of nanocellulose. The specific surface area and pore size distribution of fibers can be obtained by nitrogen adsorption.

11. Zeta potentiometer:

Used to measure the charges carried by nanocellulose.

These characterization methods can be comprehensively used to fully understand the structure, morphology, chemical properties and physical properties of nanocellulose , thereby providing important data and reference for its application research.