In the exploration of materials science, scientists are always looking for new materials with excellent performance and environmental sustainability. In recent years, a substance called nanocellulose has gradually come into public view. With its unique physical and chemical properties and broad application prospects, it has been hailed as 'the most potential green nanomaterial in the 21st century.' What is nanocellulose? Nanocellulose is a nanoscale functional material extracted from natural cellulose. Natural cellulose widely exists in plants, bacteria and even some marine organisms. It is the most widely distributed and abundant natural polymer organic matter in nature. Nanocellulose is obtained when we treat cellulose through chemical, physical or biological methods to reduce its diameter to between 1 and 100 nanometers and its length from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. According to different structures and preparation methods, nanocellulose is mainly divided into three categories: 1. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC): remove fibers through strong acid hydrolysis

In the long history of human exploration of materials science, from natural stones in the Stone Age to steel and plastics in the Industrial Revolution, every material innovation has promoted the progress of civilization. Nowadays, in an era when sustainable development has become a global consensus, a magical material derived from microorganisms, bacterial cellulose (BC), is quietly setting off a revolution in the field of materials with its unique performance and green and environmentally friendly characteristics. 1. Natural Creation: The Magical 'Loom' of Microorganisms Bacterial cellulose is not a new discovery of mankind. As early as the 19th century, French scientist Blanchard first observed the white gelatinous substance secreted by Acetobacter. This was the prototype of bacterial cellulose. But it was only in recent decades, with the development of microscopic analysis technology, that scientists truly unveiled its mystery. Unlike plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose is produced by specific microorganisms such as wood vinegar

As a high-performance bio-based material, nanocellulose shows broad application prospects in the fields of energy, environmental protection, biomedicine and other fields due to its unique nanostructure, excellent mechanical properties and degradability. Among the many preparation methods, the TEMPO oxidation method has become the mainstream technology for the preparation of carboxylated nanocellulose (TOCN) due to its high selectivity, mild reaction conditions and product stability. This article will systematically explain the technical points of preparing nanocellulose by TEMPO oxidation from the aspects of reaction principle, process flow, performance control and industrialization challenges. 1. Reaction principle of TEMPO oxidation method The core of TEMPO oxidation method is to use 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine nitroxide radical (TEMPO) as a catalyst, under the synergistic effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and sodium bromide (NaBr), to selectively oxidize the primary hydroxyl group (-CH₂OH) at the C6 position of the cellulose molecular chain, and convert it into