1. Introduction Nanocellulose (NC) is a green nanomaterial derived from natural cellulose, with high specific surface area, high crystallinity, excellent mechanical properties and renewability. However, natural nanocellulose surfaces are rich in hydroxyl groups and exhibit strong hydrophilicity, which limits its application in non-polar polymers, oily systems and hydrophobic substrates. To this end, scientific researchers and enterprises have transformed their surface into hydrophobic nanocellulose through chemical modification or physical treatment, greatly expanding their application space. Keywords: nanocellulose, hydrophobic modification, esterification, silanization, oil-water separation, composite materials 2. Preparation process of hydrophobic nanocellulose, typical reactants/means, advantages and disadvantages of esterification reaction, fatty acid anhydride, stearic anhydride, isocyanate process mature, significant part of the hydrophobic reaction requires organic solvent silanization to modify triethoxyoctylsilane and methyl trichlorosilane hydrophobic long-lasting, suitable for
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