Research on the molecular design, release mechanism and clinical transformation of nanocellulose-based drug sustained release carrier 1. Structural characteristics of nanocellulose and the molecular basis of drug loading 1.1 The crystal structure of nanocellulose and the drug-carrying ability of surface chemical nanocellulose is closely related to its crystal structure and surface chemical groups: cellulose Iβ crystal form (mainly present in plant-source nanocellulose): has a highly ordered hydrogen bond network, suitable for physical adsorption of drug molecules amorphous regions (accounting for 30-50% of cellulose nanofibers): can be used as a reservoir for drug embedding, and increase drug loading volume. Surface functional groups: hydroxyl group: can be covalently connected by esterification and etherification reaction (introduced by TEMPO oxidation): enhance water solubility and use it to release sulfate groups (acid hydrolysis residue): load cationic drugs through electrostatic action Table 1: Comparison of physical and chemical properties of different nanocelluloses Cellulose nanocrystalline cellulose nanofiber nanofiber nanofiber nanofiber nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanofiber nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitrogen nanonitro

1. Overview TEMPO oxidation method is a highly efficient and highly selective nanocellulose preparation technology, which is widely used in the preparation of carboxylated nanocellulose (TOCN). By selective oxidation of the primary hydroxy group at C6 position in natural cellulose molecules, carboxyl functional groups are introduced, so that cellulose has better dispersibility, reactive activity and application functions. 2. Raw materials and pretreatment materials: Pretreatment steps for natural cellulose such as wood pulp, cotton pulp, bamboo pulp, agricultural waste: bleach and remove lignin, improve purity and reaction efficiency, weigh it after drying, prepare reaction 3. Oxidation reaction process parameters (take 1 gram of dry cellulose as an example) The amount of components is used as TEMPO0.016 g (0.1 mmol) catalyst, and start the free radical reaction NaBr0.1 g (1 mmol) synergistic catalysis to improve reaction efficiency N

Recently, my country's scientific research team has made important progress in the field of nanocellulose thermal performance research, and has successfully improved the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of nanocellulose through chemical modification and composite technology, opening up a new path for its application in high-temperature environments. This breakthrough is expected to accelerate the innovative development of green materials and promote the transformation of multiple industries toward environmental protection and sustainable directions. Breakthrough Progress: High temperature resistance and high thermal conductivity nanocellulose are introduced. As a renewable bio-based material, nanocellulose has the advantages of lightweight, high strength and degradability, but its insufficient thermal stability (the traditional decomposition temperature is less than 300°C) limits its application in the field of high temperature. In this study, scientists successfully increased the thermal decomposition temperature of nanocellulose to above 350°C through surface chemical modification (such as phosphorylation, silanization) and nanocomposite technology (combined with graphene, boron nitride and other materials), and optimized its thermal conductivity to make it in electronic and construction

# Mechanical properties of nanocellulose and their application prospects## 1. Introduction Nanocellulose (Nanocellulose) is an emerging bio-based nanomaterial, and has attracted widespread attention for its excellent mechanical properties. It mainly includes cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). It has advantages such as high strength, high modulus, low density and biodegradability, and has shown great potential in composite materials, flexible electronics, aerospace and other fields. This paper will explore the structural characteristics, enhancement mechanism and application prospects of nanocellulose from the perspective of mechanical properties. ## 2. Mechanical properties of nanocellulose### 2.1 The mechanical properties of high-strength and high-modulus nanocellulose are far superior to those of traditional cellulose materials. The theoretical elastic modulus of its single fiber can reach 150 GPa, and the tensile strength exceeds 2-3 G

1. Structural-activity relationship of hydroxyl groups on the surface of nanocellulose The distribution and reactive activity of hydroxyl groups on the surface of nanocellulose is closely related to its crystal structure. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) studies, it was shown that: 1.1 The hydroxyl groups affected by the crystal structure of CNC (cellulose nanocrystals) are mainly distributed in the (110) and (1-10) crystal planes, the difference in hydroxyl density of different crystal planes can reach 20-30% for every 10% increase in crystalline degree, the surface hydroxyl reaction activity is reduced by about 15%.1.2 Characteristics of hydrogen bond networks intramolecular hydrogen bond (O3-H...O5) bond energy is about 25 kJ/mol intermolecular hydrogen bond (O6-H...O3) bond energy is about 20 kJ/mol hydrogen bond dissociation barrier in the range of 80-120℃. 2. In-depth study of chemical modification mechanisms 2.1 Kinetic characteristics of esterification reaction Acetylation reaction is 0.015 at 60℃.

Research on the application of nanocellulose in adsorbent materials As environmental pollution problems become increasingly serious, the treatment of heavy metal ions, organic dyes and micropollutants has become an important topic in the field of water treatment. Among many adsorbent materials, nanocellulose has gradually become a hot topic in the field of adsorbent materials due to its natural renewable, large specific surface area, strong surface modification, and non-toxic and degradable properties. This article will focus on the application value of nanocellulose in adsorbent materials and specific application examples. 1. The advantageous characteristics of nanocellulose as adsorbents. The application significance of high specific surface area provides more adsorption sites, improve adsorption capacity, enrich the surface hydroxyl groups and is easy to chemically modify. The introduction of functional groups (carboxy, amino, thiol, etc.) is environmentally friendly. Good dispersion after use. It can be used to prepare adsorbent materials of various forms such as hydrogels and composite films. 2. Adsorption objects and mechanisms.

Nanocellulose, as a novel biobased material with a wide range of sources, renewable and degradable sources, has attracted much attention in the fields of materials science and engineering in recent years. Among them, the excellent mechanical properties of nanocellulose are one of the key factors that can replace traditional materials and be applied to multiple high-end fields such as composite materials, packaging, and biomedical products. 1. Types and structural characteristics of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose mainly includes three categories: cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and bacterial cellulose (BC). They all have high crystallinity and high aspect ratio, and their basic structural units are linear chains formed by β-D-glucose units connected by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. As the scale is reduced to the nanoscale, nanocellulose has a large amount of hydroxyl groups exposed to the surface, giving it good interfacial binding capabilities. 2. Mechanical properties of nanocellulose high strength and high mode

In the field of materials science, a new nanomaterial from natural cellulose is attracting global attention. Nanocellulose, a fibrous material with a diameter of only 2-20 nanometers and a length of hundreds of nanometers, is reshaping human perception of sustainable materials. It not only inherits the renewable and degradable properties of natural cellulose, but also shows amazing mechanical properties and unique optical properties. From the paper industry to biomedicine, from flexible electronics to environmental protection, the innovative application of nanocellulose is shining in various fields. This nanomaterial originating from nature is launching a silent material revolution. 1. Natural Gift: The discovery of nanocellulose and the existence of nanocellulose can be traced back to 1983, when scientists discovered this nano-scale fiber structure when observing plant cell walls. With the advancement of nanotechnology, people have gradually mastered the separation and extraction of nanocellulose from natural cellulose.

With the continuous advancement of technology, nanotechnology has gradually penetrated into various industries, and the cosmetic field is no exception. In recent years, nanocellulose, as an emerging material, has attracted widespread attention due to its unique physical and chemical properties in cosmetic products. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of nanocellulose in the cosmetic field and its potential advantages, and analyze its technical principles, market prospects and challenges. 1. The technical characteristics of nanocellulose and the point of fit for cosmetic applications. Nanocellulose is a nano-scale material extracted from natural cellulose. It has high specific surface area, high mechanical strength, good biocompatibility and adjustable surface chemistry. These characteristics make it show unique application potential in the cosmetic field: 1. **High specific surface area and adsorption properties**: The small size and high specific surface area of ​​nanocellulose allow it to effectively adsorb active ingredients in cosmetics (such as antioxidants, moisturizing factors, etc.) and achieve slow release

Bacterial synthesis method: A detailed explanation of the green and efficient nanocellulose preparation process. Nanocellulose (NC) As an emerging nanomaterial, it has attracted much attention due to its excellent performance and wide application prospects. Traditional nanocellulose preparation methods, such as mechanical methods and chemical methods, have problems such as high energy consumption and high pollution. As a green and environmentally friendly and mild preparation method, bacterial synthesis has developed rapidly in recent years. This article will focus on the process flow of nanocellulose preparation by bacterial synthesis, and elaborate on the key control points of each step in detail. 1. Process flow of preparation of nanocellulose by bacterial synthesis method Bacterial synthesis method mainly includes the following steps: bacterial strain selection and culture bacterial strain selection: Commonly used bacterial strains include Gluconacetobacter xylinus and Rhizobacterium.