The preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by ultrasonic means is a process of decomposing cellulose samples into nano-scale cellulose crystals by using the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves. The high-frequency vibration of ultrasonic waves causes extremely high temperature and pressure fluctuations in the liquid, thereby forming cavitation bubbles in the liquid. The shear force and high temperature effects generated by the cracking of the bubbles can effectively break the amorphous area of ​​cellulose. Crystalline regions are exposed to form cellulose nanocrystals. 1. Working principle of ultrasonic method The core of ultrasonic method is cavitation effect. The cavitation effect refers to the fluctuation that changes alternately between high and low pressures when ultrasonic waves propagate in liquids. During the low pressure cycle, gas solubles and tiny bubbles in the liquid will expand and eventually burst, resulting in local extremely high temperatures and pressures. This instantaneous high temperature and high pressure environment will cause chemical bonds between cellulose molecules to break, resulting in high crystallinity. Cellulose nanocrystals. Frequency range: usually at 20 kHz

Nanocellulose whiskers (NFC) and nanocellulose crystals (CNC) are two important nanocellulose forms, and they have significant differences in structure, performance, manufacturing methods and applications. To further understand their differences, we can discuss them in more detail from the following aspects: 1. Structural and Morphological Nanocellulose Whiskers (NFC): Morphological Characteristics: NFC usually presents a stripe or fibrous structure with Larger surface area. Its form is composed of cellulose microfibers that may vary in length and width. Irregularity: The structure of NFC does not have strict crystallinity and contains a large number of amorphous regions, which do not have regular atomic arrangements. These amorphous regions of NFC are its advantages in dispersion and flexibility, although this makes its mechanical properties relatively low. Cellulose molecular chain: The molecular chain of NFC is linear and can be easily associated with water.

With the increasing global demand for renewable energy, solar energy, as a green and clean energy, has received widespread attention. Although traditional silicon-based solar cells dominate the market, researchers have been exploring alternative materials due to their high costs and energy consumption in the manufacturing process. Nanocellulose (NFC, Nanocellulose) has gradually become an important direction in solar cell research due to its excellent mechanical properties, renewability and biodegradability. This article will discuss in detail the application of nanocellulose in solar cells and its potential. 1. Basic properties of nanocellulose Nanocellulose is nano-scale fiber obtained by physical, chemical or biological treatment of natural plant fibers. Common ones include nanocellulose whiskers (CNC, Cellulose Nanocrystals) and nanocellulose glue. Float (CNF, Cellulose

From Thickening to Hair Care: Multi-dimensional Application of Nanocellulose in Shampoos As global consumers' demand for green, natural and efficient personal care products continues to grow, traditional chemical synthesis ingredients are gradually being questioned. At the same time, natural, high-performance materials are being increasingly used in personal care products such as shampoos. As a natural source of high-performance nanomaterial, nanocellulose (NFC) has shown great potential in the field of shampoo with its outstanding physical and chemical properties. This article will deeply analyze the multiple applications of nanocellulose in shampoos, explore how it plays a key role in thickening, foam formation, hair care, etc., and promote the innovation and development of shampoo products. 1. Basic Characteristics and Advantages of Nanocellulose Nanocellulose (NFC) is a nano-scale fiber material extracted from natural plant fibers. It is usually composed of hundreds to thousands of glucose units and has an extremely high level of

Hydrophobic modified nanocellulose (HNC) is a material with good dispersion, enhanced mechanical properties and hydrophobic properties obtained by nano- and hydrophobic treatment of natural cellulose. It is mainly used in composite materials, coatings, oil-water separation, drug delivery and other fields. Below are the detailed preparation steps: 1. Pretreatment of cellulose raw materials. In order to make natural cellulose materials suitable for nanoification and further chemical modification, pretreatment is first required: cleaning and removing impurities: Cellulose raw materials (such as wood pulp , cotton, rice husk, etc.) Wash it with water to remove impurities such as resin, sugar, protein, etc. This can be accomplished by acid-base washing, enzymatic lysis, or hot water treatment. Chemical treatment: In order to improve the reactivity of cellulose, acid-base treatment is usually performed. Acid treatment (such as sulfuric acid) can destroy hemicellulose and lignin in cellulose,

To improve the preparation method of nanocellulose (NFC or CNC) requires systematic optimization from multiple aspects such as raw material selection, preparation process, equipment optimization, surface modification, characterization means, environmental protection and sustainability. The following is a detailed explanation: 1. The selection of raw materials and the performance of pretreated nanocellulose depends to a large extent on the quality of the raw materials and the pretreatment method. Raw material selection: Choose high-purity and high crystallinity cellulose sources, such as cotton, wood pulp, hemp, sugarcane bagasse, etc. Agricultural waste (such as straw, corn stalk) and industrial by-products (such as pulp waste) are low-cost, sustainable sources of raw materials. Pretreatment: Delignin: Use alkaline treatment (such as NaOH) or organic solvent method to remove lignin to improve cellulose purity. Dehemicellulose: Remove hemicellulose by acid treatment or enzyme treatment to reduce impurity interference. Bleaching: Use hydrogen peroxide or chlorine to further improve the purity of the cellulose. 2. Optimization of preparation method

The difference between carboxylated modified nanocellulose and nanocellulose is not only reflected in chemical composition and structure, but also in their physical properties, functional properties, stability and application fields. The difference between the two will be explained in detail through a more in-depth comparison. 1. Differences in chemical structure and functional groups Nanocellulose: Chemical structure: Nanocellulose is a nanoscale fiber material extracted from natural cellulose. Cellulose is a polymer compound formed by glucose units connected through β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. The crystal structure of natural cellulose is relatively tight. Nanocellulose degrades cellulose into nano-scale fibers through chemical or mechanical treatment, with high specific surface area and good mechanical properties. Surface functional groups: Unmodified nanocellulose surface contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups (

Application of nanocellulose in yogurt, cheese and acidic milk beverages Nanocellulose (CNC) is a new natural nanomaterial. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility, it has shown great application potential in the food industry. . This paper reviews the research progress of CNC in yogurt, cheese and acidic milk beverages, focuses on the impact of CNC on product texture, stability, nutritional characteristics, etc., and looks forward to its future development trend. 1. Introduction In recent years, with the increasing demand for healthy foods for consumers, the development of dairy products with excellent texture, taste and nutritional value has become a research hotspot. Nanocellulose (CNC) is a nano-scale material extracted from natural cellulose. It has the advantages of high specific surface area, high mechanical strength, good biocompatibility and degradability. It is in the fields of food, medicine, cosmetics, etc. Shows broad application prospects. 2. The response of nanocellulose in yogurt

Bacterial cellulose (BC) as a natural product has shown great potential in the field of artificial blood vessels. Bacterial cellulose is synthesized by some specific bacteria, such as Bacillus acetate, and has unique physical, chemical and biological properties, making it an ideal vascular alternative material. The following will explore the application of bacterial cellulose in the field of artificial blood vessels from multiple dimensions and angles, and supplement relevant digital tables and parameter comparisons to enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the article. 1. Unique properties of bacterial cellulose 1.1 Structure and mechanical properties The molecular structure of bacterial cellulose has a high three-dimensional network structure, which gives it significant mechanical strength, elasticity and toughness. Its fibers have strong tensile strength and can withstand the pressure caused by blood flow in the body. Similar to the structure of natural vascular tissue, bacterial cellulose can provide good internal and external mechanical support for artificial blood vessels and reduce blood vessel deformation. Table 1: Bacterial Fiber

Innovative application and future prospects of nanocellulose in the cement industry. As a new nanomaterial, nanocellulose (NFC) has been used in cement-based materials in recent years due to its unique mechanical properties, high specific surface area and biodegradability. The application has attracted much attention. Its in-depth application in the cement industry can not only significantly improve the performance of traditional cement materials, but also provide new possibilities for the development of multifunctional and intelligent building materials. The following content will further illustrate its application effect through specific data and charts. 1. Significant improvement of mechanical properties. One of the core roles of nanocellulose in cement-based materials is to enhance its mechanical properties. The following data show the effect of nanocellulose on the compressive strength and tensile strength of cement-based materials: Nanocellulose addition amount (wt%) compressive strength (MPa) tensile strength (MPa) 0.045.04.50.149.55.20.352. 05.80.5