Freezing nanocellulose (such as cellulose nanofibers or cellulose nanocrystals) usually agglomerate or form a condensed state, which may be caused by moisture crystallization and phase separation during the freezing process. To return to gel state, try the following: Gentle stirring: slowly thaw the frozen nanocellulose sample to room temperature, and then gently stir using a magnetic stirrer or other stirring device. Stirring helps to break the agglomerates and redisperse the cellulose nanostructures. Sonication: If the stirring is not enough to fully restore the gel state, ultrasonication can be used. Ultrasonic waves can effectively disperse nanocellulose and improve uniformity, but pay attention to controlling the processing time and power to avoid destroying the nanocellulose structure. High pressure homogenization: For more stubborn agglomeration, high pressure homogenization technology can be used. This method helps re-form the uniform gel by breaking the particles through a narrow nozzle at high pressure. Add a proper amount

The method of preparing nanocellulose dispersion into powder mainly involves removing solvents in the dispersion while retaining the structure and functionality of nanocellulose. Here are several common methods: 1. Lyophilization • Principle: Freeze-drying by quickly freezing the dispersion into solids, and then directly converting the moisture in the solids into water vapor through sublimation under low temperature and vacuum conditions, thereby Remove the solvent, leaving the dried powder behind. • Advantages: Freeze-drying can maintain the original form and structure of nanocellulose, prevent particles from agglomerating or structure collapse, and is suitable for thermally sensitive materials. • Steps: 1. Pour the nanocellulose dispersion into the tray of the freeze-dryer. 2. Quickly freeze the dispersion to low temperature (usually -40°C to -80°C). 3. Sublimate the moisture in a vacuum environment until a dry powder is obtained. 2. Spray drying

The price of nanocellulose varies greatly, and the main reasons can be attributed to the following aspects: 1. Source of raw materials: Source of natural cellulose: Nanocellulose can be extracted from a variety of natural resources, such as wood, agricultural waste, algae, etc. The prices and extraction difficulties of raw materials from different sources vary greatly, resulting in price differences in the final product. For example, wood cellulose is usually cheaper, while cellulose extracted from some rare plants may be more expensive. 2. Production process extraction and preparation method: The preparation process of nanocellulose (such as mechanical treatment, chemical treatment, biological enzymatic decomposition, etc.) has different complexity and different production costs. Chemical treatments may require expensive chemicals and strict environmental controls, while mechanical laws may consume more energy. Process efficiency and scale: The efficiency of the process, degree of automation, and production scale directly affect costs. Large-scale industrial production can often reduce costs through economies of scale

Sulfonated modified nanocellulose can form a chiral liquid crystal structure. Nanocellulose has natural chiral properties and is derived from the helical structure of cellulose molecular chains. Under certain conditions, especially at appropriate solution concentrations and pH values, nanocellulose can be self-assembled to form phases with chiral liquid crystal properties. Effect of sulfonation modification on the chiral liquid crystal structure Sulfonation modification refers to the introduction of sulfonic acid groups (-SO₃H) on the surface of nanocellulose. This modification will increase the negative charge on the surface of cellulose, thereby enhancing the nanocellulose in Dispersion and stability in solution. In addition, sulfonation modification may also affect the interaction forces of nanocellulose, including electrostatic repulsion and hydrogen bonding, which may affect the formation of the liquid crystal phase. Conditional concentration of chiral liquid crystal phase: When the concentration of nanocellulose in solution reaches a certain critical value, cellulose nanocrystals may spontaneously form chiral liquid due to their rigid and highly anisotropic morphology.

Nanocellulose has important application potential in the field of nanofluid research. Nanofluids refer to suspensions formed by uniformly dispersing nano-scale particles in base fluids (such as water, glycol, oil, etc.), and are often used in areas such as heat management, cooling, lubrication, and energy conversion. As a new type of nanomaterial, nanocellulose has its unique properties that make it show unique advantages in nanofluids. The following are the applications and characteristics of nanocellulose in nanofluid research: 1. Mechanism for enhanced thermal conductivity: Nanocellulose has high specific surface area and good thermal conductivity. When it is dispersed in the matrix fluid, the thermal conductivity of the fluid can be significantly improved, helping to enhance the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. Application: In the fields of electronic equipment cooling, solar thermal conversion systems, automotive engine cooling, etc., nanocellulose-based nanofluids can effectively improve cooling efficiency. 2. Improve fluid flow mechanism: Nanocellulose has good

Dispersing nanocellulose in water usually takes several steps to ensure uniform dispersion and avoid agglomeration. The following are common dispersion methods: 1. Mechanical stirring steps: Add the nanocellulose powder directly to the water, and then stir using a high-speed stirrer. The stirring time and speed need to be adjusted according to the properties of the nanocellulose. Advantages: Simple and easy to use, suitable for small-scale preparation. Limitations: For nanocellulose with high concentrations or severe agglomeration, the effect may not be ideal. 2. Ultrasonic dispersion step: Use ultrasonic waves to crush the agglomerates of nanocellulose and disperse them in water. Usually, probe ultrasonic instruments are used, and the processing lasts for several minutes to more than ten minutes. Advantages: It can effectively disperse nanocellulose to obtain a uniform and stable dispersion. Limitations: Ultrasonic treatment may cause partial damage to the nanocellulose structure, so the ultrasonic time and power need to be controlled. 3. Steps to add dispersant:

Nanocellulose is a nano-scale material prepared by physical or chemical methods from natural cellulose. Its main sources include the following: Plant fiber: This is the most common source of nanocellulose. Plants such as wood, cotton, flax, bamboo, straw, sugar cane bagasse, etc. all contain a large amount of cellulose, and these plant fibers can be converted into nanocellulose through mechanical or chemical methods. Bacterial cellulose: Certain bacteria (such as Bacillus acetate) can produce cellulose through biosynthetic pathways under specific conditions, which can also be made into nanocellulose after treatment. Bacterial cellulose usually has higher purity and good performance. Algae cellulose: Some algae (such as kelp and red algae) also contain cellulose, which can be prepared into nanocellulose through extraction and nanoification techniques. Cellulose from animals: Although it is relatively rare, some animal materials (such as insect shells, chitin, etc.) can also obtain nanofibers after chemical treatment.

The molecular weight cellulose, 1,4-β-glucan, is characterized by ionic liquids, and is present in large quantities in the cell walls of various plants and is the most important skeletal component of plants. As an inexhaustible and inexhaustible biopolymer, cellulose has been considered a raw material with future development prospects and sustainability in the chemical industry. In addition, cellulose also has the advantages of extremely strong reversibility, complete biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, high mechanical properties and structural designability. Cellulose-based materials have been widely used in various fields of human society, such as textiles, food, medicine, papermaking, engineering materials, biofuels and composite materials. Since cellulose is a polydispersed polymer, the molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) of cellulose-based materials have a great impact on its mechanical properties, crystallization properties, rheology properties, etc. For example, the tensile strength of regenerated cellulose fibers is positively correlated with the molecular weight of cellulose. In addition, high polymerization degree (

Nanocellulose is a nano-scale material made of cellulose with a variety of crystal structures. Cellulose is essentially a linear polysaccharide polymer composed of glucose molecules connected through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The arrangement of cellulose crystals determines its crystal structure, which mainly includes the following types: 1. Characteristics of Cellulose I: Cellulose I is the main crystal structure of natural cellulose and exists in plants and bacteria. , algae and other organisms. Cellulose type I is further divided into two subtypes: cellulose Iα and cellulose Iβ. Cellulose Iα: mainly exists in bacteria and algae, and its crystal structure is a triacrylic crystal system. Cellulose Iβ: It is mainly found in higher plants and cotton, and its crystal structure is a monoclinic crystal system. Molecular arrangement: Hydrogen bonds between molecular chains make cellulose type I crystals have high rigidity and strength. 2. Cellulose

Nanocellulose is a new material with excellent properties. Due to its advantages of high specific surface area, high mechanical strength, good biocompatibility and renewability, it has a wide application prospect in the field of pesticides. The following are some specific applications of nanocellulose in the field of pesticides: 1. Pesticide carrier: Nanocellulose can be used as a carrier for pesticides, and its high specific surface area and porous structure help increase the load and release efficiency of pesticides. By loading pesticides on nanocellulose, the sustained release of pesticides can be achieved, the utilization rate of pesticides can be improved, and the use of pesticides and environmental pollution can be reduced. 2. Pesticide Capsules: Nanocellulose can be used to prepare pesticide capsules. By controlling the structure and surface properties of nanocellulose, the controlled release of pesticides under specific environmental conditions can be achieved. For example, under specific pH, temperature or humidity conditions, nanocellulose pesticide capsules can gradually release pesticides, providing long-lasting pest control effects. 3. Farmer