Carboxylated modified cellulose nanocrystals (C-CNCs) are prepared by introducing carboxylate (-COOH) on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. Carboxylation modification enhances the hydrophilicity, dispersion and compatibility with other materials of nanocrystals, making them widely used in composite materials, thickeners, biomedicine, sensors and other fields. The following are instructions for using carboxylated modified cellulose nanocrystals: 1. Storage and processing • Storage conditions: Carboxylated modified cellulose nanocrystals should be stored in a dry and cool environment to avoid direct sunlight and moisture. The dry powder should be kept sealed to prevent moisture absorption. If it is in the form of a suspension, it is recommended to store it in a low temperature environment around 4°C. • Treatment method: Protective gloves and masks should be worn during treatment, especially when dealing with powder form.

The application of nanocellulose in the battery industry has become an important research direction because their unique properties help improve the performance of the battery. Here are some of the main application areas of nanocellulose in batteries: 1. Electrode Materials • Increased Specific Surface Area: Nanocellulose has a high specific surface area, which makes them have a larger active surface area in electrode materials, which can increase the energy of the battery. density. • Improved conductivity: Nanocellulose is usually made of conductive materials, such as carbon nanofibers, which helps to improve the conductivity of the electrodes, thereby reducing the internal resistance of the battery and increasing the power density. • Structural stability: The structure of nanocellulose can enhance the mechanical strength of the electrode material and prevent material powdering caused by changes in the volume of the electrode during charging and discharging. 2. Separator Material • Improve Ion Conductivity: Nanocellulose can be used as part of the separator material to provide higher ionic conductivity, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery

Bacterial Cellulose Film (BCF) is a natural biological material produced by fermentation of bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum. It has high mechanical strength, excellent flexibility and biocompatibility, and has a wide range of applications in medical, food packaging, electronic devices and other fields. The following are instructions for using the bacterial cellulose film: 1. Storage instructions • Environmental requirements: The bacterial cellulose film should be stored in a dry and cool environment to avoid direct sunlight. • Temperature: The recommended storage temperature is between 4°C and 25°C. Higher temperatures may affect the performance of the film. • Humidity: Maintain a low humidity environment to prevent the film from getting damp, so as to prevent changes in its physical properties. 2. Preparation before use • Cleaning treatment: Before use, use distilled water to gently rinse the film to remove the surface possible

TEMPO (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) oxidation method used to prepare nanocellulose has many advantages, such as mild reaction conditions and high selective oxidation. However, it also has some disadvantages: 1. High cost: The cost of oxidants such as TEMPO and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is high, which limits large-scale industrial applications. 2. Environmental issues: Sodium hypochlorite and potassium hypochlorite used in the reaction are strong oxidants, which may cause pollution to the environment and require proper treatment of wastewater and by-products. 3. Complex control of reaction conditions: The reaction conditions of TEMPO oxidation method (such as pH, temperature, oxidant concentration, etc.) need to be strictly controlled, otherwise it may lead to excessive oxidation or insufficient oxidation of cellulose, thereby affecting the quality of the final product. 4. Long reaction time: In some cases, the TEMPO oxidation process may require

The preparation of carboxylated modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are usually improved by introducing carboxylic groups (-COOH). Common preparation methods include chemical oxidation and mechanical treatment methods. The following are several main methods: 1. TEMPO oxidation method • Principle: Use TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxygen free As a catalyst, the hydroxyl group on the cellulose surface is selectively oxidized to a carboxyl group in the presence of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and potassium hypochlorite (NaBr). • Steps: 1. Suspend the cellulose in water and add TEMPO, NaClO and NaBr. 2. Perform the oxidation reaction by controlling the pH value (usually between 10-11) and the temperature. 3. After the reaction is completed, the residual reagent is removed by dialysis or other means to obtain carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals. 2. Chloroacetic acid method • Principle: Use

Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, nanocellulose has broad application potential in the fields of adsorption and filtration materials. The following is an introduction to the application of nanocellulose in this field: 1. The nanoscale size and high specific surface area of ​​nanocellulose make it an ideal filter medium. Its applications include: Air filtration: Nanocellulose can be used to make high-efficiency air filter materials, which can capture fine particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nanoparticles, and is widely used in air purifiers, masks and industrial dust removal equipment. Water filtration: In water filtration, nanocellulose can effectively remove suspended particles, microorganisms and some organic pollutants. Its high porosity and mechanical strength allow it to provide excellent filtration performance without significantly increasing flow resistance. 2. The adsorbent nanocellulose has rich surface hydroxyl groups, and various functional groups can be introduced through surface modification, so that they have excellent adsorption properties.

Nanocellulose agglomerates after freezing and is difficult to restore to gel state, mainly due to the following reasons: structural damage caused by moisture crystallization: During the freezing process, the moisture in the nanocellulose will form ice crystals. These ice crystals may squeeze or destroy the network of cellulose nanostructures, causing changes in the interaction between the fibers and destroy the original gel structure. Irreversible phase separation: When frozen, nanocellulose and solvents (water or other liquids) may be phase separation, and cellulose may form concentrated areas or flocculate. This phase separation is usually irreversible, and even after thawing, the nanocellulose is difficult to disperse evenly again, thus unable to restore the original gel state. Rearrangement of hydrogen bonds: The stability of nanocellulose gels is partially dependent on hydrogen bond interactions between cellulose chains. During the freeze-thawing process, the hydrogen bond network may be rearranged or enhanced, making the interaction between cellulose molecules stronger or closer.

Freezing nanocellulose (such as cellulose nanofibers or cellulose nanocrystals) usually agglomerate or form a condensed state, which may be caused by moisture crystallization and phase separation during the freezing process. To return to gel state, try the following: Gentle stirring: slowly thaw the frozen nanocellulose sample to room temperature, and then gently stir using a magnetic stirrer or other stirring device. Stirring helps to break the agglomerates and redisperse the cellulose nanostructures. Sonication: If the stirring is not enough to fully restore the gel state, ultrasonication can be used. Ultrasonic waves can effectively disperse nanocellulose and improve uniformity, but pay attention to controlling the processing time and power to avoid destroying the nanocellulose structure. High pressure homogenization: For more stubborn agglomeration, high pressure homogenization technology can be used. This method helps re-form the uniform gel by breaking the particles through a narrow nozzle at high pressure. Add a proper amount

The method of preparing nanocellulose dispersion into powder mainly involves removing solvents in the dispersion while retaining the structure and functionality of nanocellulose. Here are several common methods: 1. Lyophilization • Principle: Freeze-drying by quickly freezing the dispersion into solids, and then directly converting the moisture in the solids into water vapor through sublimation under low temperature and vacuum conditions, thereby Remove the solvent, leaving the dried powder behind. • Advantages: Freeze-drying can maintain the original form and structure of nanocellulose, prevent particles from agglomerating or structure collapse, and is suitable for thermally sensitive materials. • Steps: 1. Pour the nanocellulose dispersion into the tray of the freeze-dryer. 2. Quickly freeze the dispersion to low temperature (usually -40°C to -80°C). 3. Sublimate the moisture in a vacuum environment until a dry powder is obtained. 2. Spray drying

The price of nanocellulose varies greatly, and the main reasons can be attributed to the following aspects: 1. Source of raw materials: Source of natural cellulose: Nanocellulose can be extracted from a variety of natural resources, such as wood, agricultural waste, algae, etc. The prices and extraction difficulties of raw materials from different sources vary greatly, resulting in price differences in the final product. For example, wood cellulose is usually cheaper, while cellulose extracted from some rare plants may be more expensive. 2. Production process extraction and preparation method: The preparation process of nanocellulose (such as mechanical treatment, chemical treatment, biological enzymatic decomposition, etc.) has different complexity and different production costs. Chemical treatments may require expensive chemicals and strict environmental controls, while mechanical laws may consume more energy. Process efficiency and scale: The efficiency of the process, degree of automation, and production scale directly affect costs. Large-scale industrial production can often reduce costs through economies of scale