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Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2026-11-12 Origin: Site
Under the background of dual carbon, the papermaking industry is facing common bottlenecks such as raw material degradation, strength attenuation of recycled fibers, difficulty in recycling traditional petroleum-based barrier coatings, and strength loss caused by high filler addition. Nanocellulose ( NC , including cellulose nanofibrils CNF and cellulose nanocrystals CNC ) has become a new generation of papermaking functional additives and coating substrates due to its ultra-high aspect ratio, huge specific surface area, abundant surface hydroxyl groups, complete biodegradability, and homologous compatibility with pulp fibers. Starting from the interfacial bonding mechanism of nanocellulose in the papermaking system, this article systematically elaborates on the three mainstream industrial application paths of in-pulp reinforcement, retention and filtration assistance, and surface functional coating , quantitatively analyzes their regulation rules on paper mechanical properties, barrier properties, printability, and filler retention rate, and analyzes industrialization The shortcomings in water filtration, dispersion, cost, and wet strength during the implementation process, combined with the process optimization plan of the company's nanocellulose suspension system, illustrate the technical logic and engineering value of nanocellulose in helping the papermaking industry achieve lightweight, high-filler, fully recyclable, and plastic-free barrier paper manufacturing. Semantic S...。
Pulp and papermaking is a typical fiber hydrogen bonding forming system. As the number of recycling times of waste paper increases, fiber keratinization intensifies, the hydroxyl groups on the fiber surface decrease, and the bonding ability continues to decline. At the same time, the industry's cost reduction demand drives the addition of high-proportion fillers such as talc and calcium carbonate, which further destroys the fiber interweaving network, resulting in a decline in tensile strength, burst resistance, folding resistance, and interlayer bonding strength. Traditional solutions rely on cationic starch, polyacrylamide, synthetic latex, PVA and other additives. There are shortcomings in composite material science such as limited compatibility of additives, petroleum-based coatings that hinder paper regeneration, poor degradability, and limited food contact scenarios ...。
Nanocellulose originates from biomass raw materials such as wood, bamboo, agricultural straw, and cotton linters. Micron-sized cellulose fibers are disassembled to the nanoscale through controlled dissociation methods such as mechanical fibrillation , TEMPO oxidation, enzymatic hydrolysis, and acid hydrolysis: CNF is mostly continuous network filaments with a diameter of 3–100 nm and an aspect ratio of hundreds to thousands; CNC is a rigid rod-shaped crystal particle with higher crystallinity, uniform size, and controllable rheology. Both retain the cellulose I- type crystal structure, and the high density of hydroxyl groups on the surface endows them with extremely strong hydrogen bond building capabilities. There is no interface compatibility barrier with pulp fibers. They are the only nano-reinforced materials that have the same chemistry as the paper matrix, and are in line with the green upgrade direction of recyclable packaging, plastic-free food paper, high-end cultural paper, decorative base paper and other tracks.
The essence of nanocellulose 's modification of paper is the synergistic effect of nanoscale interface bridging, pore reconstruction, and hydrogen bond network densification .
1. Interface bridging and stress transfer : Nanofibrils are interspersed and wound in the gaps between micron-level pulp fibers, acting as ' nano rivets ' , building additional hydrogen bonding points at fiber intersections, uniformly conducting external forces in the fiber network, and improving internal bonding strength, tensile index, and folding endurance, rather than simply relying on the fiber itself to combine;
2. Pore structure control : CNF fills the large pores of the paper during the molding or coating process, reconstructs the pore size distribution, reduces air permeability, forms a dense and tortuous mass transfer channel, and achieves oxygen and grease barrier effects;
3. Assisting retention effect : high specific surface and controllable charge characteristics can capture small fibers and filler particles through electrical neutralization and adsorption bridging, reduce the loss of solids in white water, increase filler retention rate, and reduce white water load;
4. Surface modification synergy : Nanocellulose after moderate charge control and hydrophobic modification can alleviate the wet performance attenuation problem caused by the high hygroscopicity of pure NC while retaining the bio-based properties, and expand the application boundaries of PMC in high-humidity environments.。
It is necessary to clearly distinguish the mechanistic differences between CNF and CNC : CNF long fiber network structure is more suitable for in-slurry reinforcement and coating as a barrier layer; CNC rigid crystal particles are more suitable as retention aids and optical control aids, and have outstanding gains in paper smoothness and printing dot reduction.
In-pulp addition is to add the nanocellulose suspension into the pulp system before the pulp mixing tank and pulp pump, and form it together with the fibers. It is suitable for boxboard paper, corrugated base paper, high-fill cultural paper, and decorative base paper. Significant performance gains can be achieved in the low-adding range (usually 0.2%–1.5% of absolute dry pulp mass): in the recycled waste paper pulp system, the tensile index is increased by 20%–40% and the bursting index is increased by 15%–35% . , the interlayer bonding strength can be increased by more than 50% ; in calcium carbonate highly filled paper, the filler proportion can be increased by 5-10 percentage points while maintaining the original strength, achieving the goals of reducing fiber, increasing ash content, and reducing raw material costs. China Forestry Science and Technology ...。
Core engineering contradiction: CNF has strong water holding capacity. Excessive addition will significantly reduce the water filtration speed of the mesh, increase the dehydration resistance of the wet paper sheet, and restrict the speed of the paper machine. The conventional solution in the industry is to control the addition amount at a low level and match it with a cationic filter-aid system; our company uses a hierarchical fibrillation process to regulate the fibril size and rheological viscosity of nanocellulose, ensuring enhanced efficiency while weakening the negative impact of water filtration, and adapting to the continuous production of high-speed paper machines.
CNC and low-viscosity modified CNF can construct a bio-based retention system to replace part of the cationic polyacrylamide. The charged groups on the surface of nanocellulose adsorb fillers and fine fibers to form larger flocs that are less likely to be lost, improve the single-pass retention rate of the mesh, reduce the COD and solid content in white water, and reduce the pressure of sludge disposal.
The advantage of this route is that the additives are completely biomassified and there is no synthetic polymer residue. It is especially suitable for categories such as food packaging paper and special base paper that are sensitive to additive residues. At the same time, it improves the evenness of the paper and reduces paper defects such as pinholes and holes on the paper surface, laying the foundation for subsequent printing and coating. Composite materials science ...。
Compared with in-slurry addition, the coating process of nanocellulose has a higher utilization rate and minimal interference to the wet end of the paper machine. It is currently the fastest growing direction of industrialization and is targeted at plastic-free and oil-proof paper, high-barrier food packaging paper, release base paper, and high-end printing paper. As a coating pigment / adhesive, CNF self-assembles on the paper surface to form a continuous dense nanofilm: the oxygen transmittance can be reduced by 1-2 orders of magnitude, and has excellent oxygen barrier and anti-grease properties. It can replace traditional coatings containing PE , 、PVA , and fluorine-containing oil repellents. The coating and the base paper are both cellulose, and the interface hydrogen bonding is strong. There is no pain point that the composite film is difficult to separate. The finished product can be directly recycled from waste paper and conventionally deinked, meeting the requirements of recyclable packaging regulations.
Compounding is the mainstream development direction: compound coating of nanocellulose with starch, chitosan, microtalc, etc., to find a window between balanced barrier, hydrophobicity, and cost; for high-humidity environments, controllable hydrophobic modification can be used to reduce water vapor sensitivity while retaining recyclable properties, and solve the inherent shortcomings of pure CNF coatings that rapidly decay when the humidity increases. ACS Public...。
1. Dispersion stability problem : Nanocellulose is easily agglomerated. The agglomerates not only lose the nanometer effect, but also cause paper streaks and spots. Solution: charge control, low shear dispersion process, customized suspension system, providing stable low viscosity, high solid content products;
2. Wet performance shortcomings : the hydroxyl group is hydrophilic, and the hydrogen bonds are replaced by water molecules under high humidity, resulting in reduced strength and barrier. Solution: Controllable chemical modification, in-situ cross-linking, and composite bio-based hydrophobic components without destroying recyclability;
3. Cost constraints : Traditional ultra-fine mechanical methods have high energy consumption and low solid content. The company adopts a pretreatment coupled graded dissociation route to optimize raw material utilization efficiency, increase the solid content of the suspension, reduce unit functional costs, and support large-scale substitution in the papermaking industry;
4. Process adaptability : Different paper types, machine speeds, and wet end charge environments have completely different requirements for nanocellulose selection ( CNF/CNC , oxidation degree, filament size). Customized formulas and pilot proofing services need to be provided instead of direct launch of general products.
· Recycled packaging paper: Improve the strength attenuation of repeatedly recycled waste paper, achieve lightweight, and reduce the quantitative weight under the same ring pressure and burst resistance indicators;
· Food barrier paper: plastic-free, fluorine-free, recyclable oil-proof and oxygen-proof paper, suitable for baking, frying, and oil food packaging, and complies with the plastic restriction policy;
· High-end cultural paper and art paper: improve formation, surface strength, napping resistance, and improve printing dot clarity;
· Decorative base paper and impregnated original paper: improve the uniformity of impregnation and inter-layer bonding force, and reduce the problem of uneven penetration of impregnated glue;
· Special industrial filter paper: regulate pore structure, optimize retention efficiency and flux balance.
Nanocellulose is not a simple papermaking additive, but a set of paper-based material upgrade solutions based on nano-interface control. In the industry cycle where raw material resources are tightening, recycling regulations are tightening, and the demand for plastic-free packaging is exploding, homologous bio-based and fully recyclable nanocellulose has opened up the entire chain of ' fiber modification - functional coating - white water quality improvement ' .
Future technological evolution will focus on the integration of low energy consumption preparation, high solid and stable suspension, precise modification, and online coating. Nanjing Tianlu Nano focuses on the development of nanocellulose suspension systems specifically for papermaking. It can customize CNF/CNC specifications, addition plans and coating formulas according to customer paper types, paper machine speeds, and target performance indicators. It provides a full set of technical support from small trials, pilot trials to industrialized and stable production, and works with papermaking enterprises to create a new generation of low-carbon, recyclable, and high-performance paper-based material systems.
