Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), also known as cellulose nanowhiskers, are nano-scale materials extracted from natural cellulose. They have high crystallinity and excellent mechanical properties. The following is a detailed introduction to cellulose nanocrystals: Preparation Method Acid Hydrolysis: The most commonly used method is to hydrolyze natural cellulose (such as wood pulp, cotton or bamboo fibers) using strong acids (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid). Acid hydrolysis selectively removes the amorphous region of cellulose, leaving crystalline regions to form nanoscale cellulose crystals. Mechanical treatment: In some cases, mechanical treatment (such as high-speed stirring, ultrasonic treatment) can further improve the dispersion and nanoification of cellulose in combination with chemical methods. Physical Characteristic Size: The diameter of CNCs is usually between 5-70 nanometers and the length is between 100 nanometers and a few micrometers.

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF), also known as cellulose microfiber filaments (MFC), are nanoscale fibers that are broken down from natural cellulose through mechanical or chemical treatment. They have unique physical and chemical properties and are widely used in various fields. The following is a detailed introduction to cellulose nanofibers: Preparation method High-pressure homogenization: The cellulose suspension is repeatedly treated through a high-pressure homogenizer to depolymerize the cellulose fibers into nano-scale fibers. Grinding: Use a mill to repeatedly grind the cellulose suspension, and the cellulose fibers are depolymerized by mechanical force. Ultrasonic treatment: Use the cavitation of ultrasonic waves to disperse and dispolymerize cellulose fibers. TEMPO oxidation: Cellulose is oxidized using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide) and an oxidant (such as sodium hypochlorite) to introduce carboxyl groups on the cellulose surface to enhance its dispersion. Enzyme treatment: partially hydrolyzing cellulose with cellulase, reducing its molecular weight and

Nanocellulose is a nanoscale material made of cellulose with various excellent properties and wide application prospects.According to different morphologies and preparation methods, nanocellulose can be divided into the following categories: 1. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF), also known as cellulose microfibrils (MFC): Cellulose nanofibers are mainly produced by mechanical methods such as high pressure Homogenization, grinding or microfluidization break down cellulose fibers into nanoscale fiber networks.The diameter is usually between 10-100 nanometers, and the length can reach several micrometers to tens of micrometers.It has high flexibility and good network structure and is widely used in films, coatings and reinforced materials.2. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC): Cellulose nanocrystals are nanoscale cellulose fragments with high crystallinity obtained by removing the amorphous region of cellulose through acid hydrolysis.The size is usually tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers, with a diameter between 5-70 nanometers and a length of 100 nanometers.

The application of nanocellulose in the food field is receiving increasing attention and research, mainly because of its natural origin, biodegradability and functional properties, which have broad potential in food processing and modification.The following are some of the main applications of nanocellulose in the food field: 1. Food packaging: Nanocellulose can be used as an additive in food packaging materials to improve the performance of packaging.Nanocellulose-based films have excellent gas barrier properties and mechanical strength, which can effectively extend the shelf life of food and provide better packaging protection.2. Food stabilizer and thickener: Nanocellulose can be used as a food stabilizer and thickener to improve the texture and taste of food.Nanocellulose has good emulsification and dispersion properties, which can stabilize emulsion and suspension systems while increasing the viscosity and taste of food.For example, adding a certain concentration to an ice cream recipe

Nanocellulose has a wide range of applications in the biomedical field, and its unique properties make it an important biomaterial.The following are the main applications of nanocellulose in the biomedical field: 1. Drug delivery and release system: As a drug carrier, nanocellulose can wrap drug molecules in its nanostructure to form a nanocellulose-based drug delivery system.This system can improve the stability of the drug, prolong the blood concentration time and reduce the drug dosage, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of the drug.2. Wound healing and dressings: Nanocellulose can be used to prepare biodegradable dressings to promote wound healing and wound repair.Nanocellulose's high surface area and biocompatibility make it an ideal wound dressing material, helping to maintain a moist environment, promote regeneration and prevent infection.3. Biosensors: Nanocellulose can be used to make